# SuppVerify 补剂核查 — full facts file (2026-11-01)

> Every figure below comes from supplement labels in official databases (cleaned to comparable daily doses) or from the cited authority. Not medical advice. Licence for our derived numbers: CC BY 4.0, cite "SuppVerify, <URL>".

## Ingredients: label daily dose across products (P5 / median / P95), FDA Daily Value, upper limit (CSV: https://suppverify.com/data/dose-percentiles.csv)

- Vitamin C (维生素 C): n=9,257; P5 10, median 100, P95 1,000 mg/day; DV 90; UL 2,000 (https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminC-HealthProfessional/); page https://suppverify.com/en/ingredients/vit_c/
- Calcium (钙): n=7,555; P5 11.9, median 100, P95 667 mg/day; DV 1,300; UL 2,500 (https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Calcium-HealthProfessional/); page https://suppverify.com/en/ingredients/ca/
- Vitamin B6 (维生素 B6): n=6,928; P5 0.5, median 6, P95 100 mg/day; DV 1.7; UL 100 (https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminB6-HealthProfessional/); page https://suppverify.com/en/ingredients/vit_b6/
- Vitamin B9 (folate) (维生素 B9（叶酸）): n=6,574; P5 50, median 400, P95 1,200 mcg/day; DV 400; UL 1,000 (https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Folate-HealthProfessional/); page https://suppverify.com/en/ingredients/vit_b9/
- Vitamin E (维生素 E): n=6,559; P5 2.68, median 20.1, P95 268 mg/day; DV 15; UL 1,000 (https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminE-HealthProfessional/); page https://suppverify.com/en/ingredients/vit_e/
- Vitamin B12 (维生素 B12): n=6,558; P5 1.2, median 50, P95 2,000 mcg/day; DV 2.4; no authoritative upper value (https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminB12-HealthProfessional/); page https://suppverify.com/en/ingredients/vit_b12/
- Magnesium (镁): n=6,127; P5 8, median 65, P95 400 mg/day; DV 420; UL 350 (https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Magnesium-HealthProfessional/); page https://suppverify.com/en/ingredients/mg/
- Vitamin D (维生素 D): n=5,828; P5 2.5, median 12.5, P95 64 mcg/day; DV 20; UL 100 (https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminD-HealthProfessional/); page https://suppverify.com/en/ingredients/vit_d/
- Zinc (锌): n=5,764; P5 1.1, median 8, P95 32 mg/day; DV 11; UL 40 (https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Zinc-HealthProfessional/); page https://suppverify.com/en/ingredients/zn/
- Vitamin B3 (niacin) (维生素 B3（烟酸）): n=5,443; P5 3.3, median 20, P95 200 mg/day; DV 16; UL 35 (https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Niacin-HealthProfessional/); page https://suppverify.com/en/ingredients/vit_b3/
- Sodium (钠): n=4,767; P5 5, median 50, P95 360 mg/day; DV 2,300; UL 2,300 (https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25353); page https://suppverify.com/en/ingredients/na/
- Vitamin A (维生素 A): n=4,758; P5 60, median 750, P95 4,615 mcg/day; DV 900; UL 3,000 (https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminA-HealthProfessional/); page https://suppverify.com/en/ingredients/vit_a/
- Digestive enzymes (消化酶): n=4,582; P5 0.3, median 20, P95 283 mg/day; DV —; no authoritative upper value; page https://suppverify.com/en/ingredients/enzymes/
- Fruit & vegetable powders (果蔬粉): n=4,512; P5 2, median 100, P95 622 mg/day; DV —; no authoritative upper value; page https://suppverify.com/en/ingredients/fruit_veg/
- Vitamin B1 (thiamin) (维生素 B1（硫胺素）): n=4,463; P5 0.14, median 5, P95 100 mg/day; DV 1.2; no authoritative upper value (https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Thiamin-HealthProfessional/); page https://suppverify.com/en/ingredients/vit_b1/
- Vitamin B2 (riboflavin) (维生素 B2（核黄素）): n=4,445; P5 0.25, median 3.6, P95 60 mg/day; DV 1.3; no authoritative upper value (https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Riboflavin-HealthProfessional/); page https://suppverify.com/en/ingredients/vit_b2/
- Potassium (钾): n=4,415; P5 10, median 99, P95 400 mg/day; DV 4,700; no authoritative upper value (https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Potassium-HealthProfessional/); page https://suppverify.com/en/ingredients/k/
- Vitamin B5 (pantothenic acid) (维生素 B5（泛酸）): n=4,413; P5 1.5, median 10, P95 500 mg/day; DV 5; no authoritative upper value (https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/PantothenicAcid-HealthProfessional/); page https://suppverify.com/en/ingredients/vit_b5/
- Vitamin B7 (biotin) (维生素 B7（生物素）): n=4,129; P5 15, median 150, P95 5,000 mcg/day; DV 30; no authoritative upper value (https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Biotin-HealthProfessional/); page https://suppverify.com/en/ingredients/vit_b7/
- Selenium (硒): n=3,234; P5 8, median 55, P95 200 mcg/day; DV 55; UL 400 (https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Selenium-HealthProfessional/); page https://suppverify.com/en/ingredients/se/
- Chromium (铬): n=3,206; P5 10, median 100, P95 500 mcg/day; DV 35; no authoritative upper value (https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Chromium-HealthProfessional/); page https://suppverify.com/en/ingredients/cr/
- Iodine (碘): n=3,154; P5 15, median 150, P95 5,000 mcg/day; DV 150; UL 1,100 (https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Iodine-HealthProfessional/); page https://suppverify.com/en/ingredients/i/
- Iron (铁): n=3,108; P5 0.43, median 5, P95 30.9 mg/day; DV 18; UL 45 (https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Iron-HealthProfessional/); page https://suppverify.com/en/ingredients/fe/
- Manganese (锰): n=3,035; P5 0.25, median 2, P95 10 mg/day; DV 2.3; UL 11 (https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Manganese-HealthProfessional/); page https://suppverify.com/en/ingredients/mn/
- Dietary fiber (psyllium etc.) (膳食纤维): n=2,969; P5 0.1, median 2, P95 7 g/day; DV —; no authoritative upper value; page https://suppverify.com/en/ingredients/fiber/
- Copper (铜): n=2,696; P5 0.1, median 1, P95 2.5 mg/day; DV 0.9; UL 10 (https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Copper-HealthProfessional/); page https://suppverify.com/en/ingredients/cu/
- Fish oil (鱼油): n=2,623; P5 89, median 1,000, P95 4,230 mg/day; DV —; no authoritative upper value (https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2012.2815); page https://suppverify.com/en/ingredients/fish_oil/
- Protein (total) (蛋白质（总）): n=2,599; P5 1, median 11, P95 30 g/day; DV —; no authoritative upper value; page https://suppverify.com/en/ingredients/protein/
- Lactobacillus & related genera (乳杆菌类): n=2,435; P5 20,000,000, median 690,000,000, P95 10,000,000,000 CFU/day; DV —; no authoritative upper value; page https://suppverify.com/en/ingredients/probiotic_lacto/
- Vitamin K (维生素 K): n=2,424; P5 7.5, median 60, P95 550 mcg/day; DV 120; no authoritative upper value (https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminK-HealthProfessional/); page https://suppverify.com/en/ingredients/vit_k/
- BCAA (leucine, isoleucine, valine) (支链氨基酸): n=2,316; P5 50, median 1,438, P95 6,200 mg/day; DV —; no authoritative upper value; page https://suppverify.com/en/ingredients/bcaa/
- Coenzyme Q10 (辅酶 Q10): n=2,149; P5 5.15, median 100, P95 260 mg/day; DV —; reference upper 300 (https://webprod.hc-sc.gc.ca/nhpid-bdipsn/atReq?atid=coenzyme.q10&lang=eng); page https://suppverify.com/en/ingredients/coq10/
- Choline (胆碱): n=2,119; P5 6.6, median 50, P95 450 mg/day; DV 550; UL 3,500 (https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Choline-HealthProfessional/); page https://suppverify.com/en/ingredients/choline/
- Greens / grasses / vegetable powders (绿色蔬果粉): n=2,084; P5 6, median 150, P95 1,000 mg/day; DV —; no authoritative upper value; page https://suppverify.com/en/ingredients/greens/
- Molybdenum (钼): n=1,804; P5 10, median 50, P95 150 mcg/day; DV 45; UL 2,000 (https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Molybdenum-HealthProfessional/); page https://suppverify.com/en/ingredients/mo/
- Other amino acids (其他氨基酸): n=1,758; P5 5, median 160, P95 2,086 mg/day; DV —; no authoritative upper value; page https://suppverify.com/en/ingredients/aa_other/
- Inositol (肌醇): n=1,683; P5 0.02, median 25, P95 750 mg/day; DV —; no authoritative upper value; page https://suppverify.com/en/ingredients/inositol/
- Boron (硼): n=1,653; P5 0.075, median 1.5, P95 112 mg/day; DV —; UL 20 (https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Boron-HealthProfessional/); page https://suppverify.com/en/ingredients/b/
- Turmeric / curcumin (姜黄/姜黄素): n=1,550; P5 10, median 150, P95 1,000 mg/day; DV —; reference upper 9,000 (https://webprod.hc-sc.gc.ca/nhpid-bdipsn/atReq?atid=turmeric.oral.curcuma.orale&lang=eng); page https://suppverify.com/en/ingredients/turmeric/
- Glucosamine (氨基葡萄糖): n=1,470; P5 100, median 500, P95 1,500 mg/day; DV —; no authoritative upper value (https://webprod.hc-sc.gc.ca/nhpid-bdipsn/atReq?atid=glucosamine.sulfate&lang=eng); page https://suppverify.com/en/ingredients/glucosamine/
- Citrus bioflavonoids, rutin, hesperidin (柑橘生物类黄酮): n=1,467; P5 1.4, median 33, P95 200 mg/day; DV —; reference upper 600 (https://webprod.hc-sc.gc.ca/nhpid-bdipsn/atReq?atid=citrus.bioflav.agrumes2&lang=eng); page https://suppverify.com/en/ingredients/bioflavonoids/
- Green tea / EGCG (绿茶/EGCG): n=1,449; P5 14.8, median 100, P95 725 mg/day; DV —; no authoritative upper value (https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2018.5239); page https://suppverify.com/en/ingredients/green_tea/
- Caffeine (咖啡因): n=1,415; P5 30, median 150, P95 388 mg/day; DV —; reference upper 400 (https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2015.4102); page https://suppverify.com/en/ingredients/caffeine/
- Creatine (肌酸): n=1,361; P5 500, median 3,000, P95 5,050 mg/day; DV —; reference upper 5,000 (https://doi.org/10.1186/s12970-017-0173-z); page https://suppverify.com/en/ingredients/creatine/
- Bifidobacterium (双歧杆菌): n=1,329; P5 22,500,000, median 600,000,000, P95 10,000,000,000 CFU/day; DV —; no authoritative upper value; page https://suppverify.com/en/ingredients/probiotic_bifido/
- Grape seed extract (OPC) (葡萄籽提取物): n=1,232; P5 5, median 31.6, P95 200 mg/day; DV —; reference upper 475 (https://webprod.hc-sc.gc.ca/nhpid-bdipsn/atReq?atid=grape.seed.extract&lang=eng); page https://suppverify.com/en/ingredients/grape_seed/
- Ginseng (Panax / American / Siberian) (人参): n=1,192; P5 7, median 100, P95 1,000 mg/day; DV —; reference upper 10,000 (https://webprod.hc-sc.gc.ca/nhpid-bdipsn/atReq?atid=ginseng.panax2&lang=eng); page https://suppverify.com/en/ingredients/ginseng/
- Collagen / collagen peptides (胶原蛋白): n=1,182; P5 20, median 1,200, P95 20,000 mg/day; DV —; reference upper 10,000 (https://webprod.hc-sc.gc.ca/nhpid-bdipsn/atReq?atid=hydrolized.collagen&lang=eng); page https://suppverify.com/en/ingredients/collagen/
- Phosphorus (磷): n=1,177; P5 20, median 81, P95 500 mg/day; DV 1,250; UL 4,000 (https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Phosphorus-HealthProfessional/); page https://suppverify.com/en/ingredients/p/
- Omega-3 (EPA+DHA total) (Omega-3（总量）): n=1,176; P5 50, median 320, P95 1,700 mg/day; DV —; reference upper 5,000 (https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2012.2815); page https://suppverify.com/en/ingredients/omega3/
- Other flavonoids & polyphenols (其他类黄酮/多酚): n=1,171; P5 1.25, median 50, P95 300 mg/day; DV —; no authoritative upper value; page https://suppverify.com/en/ingredients/flavonoids/
- Omega-6/7/9, CLA & other fatty acids (其他脂肪酸): n=1,147; P5 16, median 500, P95 5,000 mg/day; DV —; no authoritative upper value; page https://suppverify.com/en/ingredients/omega_other/
- Quercetin (槲皮素): n=1,090; P5 5, median 200, P95 1,000 mg/day; DV —; reference upper 600 (https://webprod.hc-sc.gc.ca/nhpid-bdipsn/atReq?atid=quercetin2&lang=eng); page https://suppverify.com/en/ingredients/quercetin/
- DHA (docosahexaenoic acid) (DHA): n=1,074; P5 25, median 170, P95 600 mg/day; DV —; reference upper 1,000 (https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2012.2815); page https://suppverify.com/en/ingredients/dha/
- Milk thistle / silymarin (奶蓟/水飞蓟素): n=1,065; P5 24, median 150, P95 600 mg/day; DV —; reference upper 14,500 (https://webprod.hc-sc.gc.ca/nhpid-bdipsn/atReq?atid=milk.thistle.oral&lang=eng); page https://suppverify.com/en/ingredients/milk_thistle/
- Lutein (叶黄素): n=1,060; P5 0.06, median 3, P95 25 mg/day; DV —; reference upper 70 (https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2010.1678); page https://suppverify.com/en/ingredients/lutein/
- Alpha-lipoic acid (α-硫辛酸): n=1,051; P5 5, median 100, P95 600 mg/day; DV —; reference upper 600 (https://webprod.hc-sc.gc.ca/nhpid-bdipsn/atReq?atid=alpha.lipoic.acid2&lang=eng); page https://suppverify.com/en/ingredients/lipoic/
- Taurine (牛磺酸): n=1,004; P5 30, median 500, P95 2,000 mg/day; DV —; reference upper 3,000 (https://webprod.hc-sc.gc.ca/nhpid-bdipsn/atReq?atid=taurine2&lang=eng); page https://suppverify.com/en/ingredients/taurine/
- Resveratrol (白藜芦醇): n=979; P5 5, median 100, P95 605 mg/day; DV —; reference upper 150 (https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2016.4368); page https://suppverify.com/en/ingredients/resveratrol/
- TMG (betaine anhydrous) (甜菜碱 TMG): n=969; P5 25, median 1,000, P95 2,500 mg/day; DV —; reference upper 4,000 (https://webprod.hc-sc.gc.ca/nhpid-bdipsn/atReq?atid=betaine2&lang=eng); page https://suppverify.com/en/ingredients/tmg/
- L-Glutamine (L-谷氨酰胺): n=962; P5 30, median 1,000, P95 5,000 mg/day; DV —; reference upper 9,000 (https://webprod.hc-sc.gc.ca/nhpid-bdipsn/atReq?atid=l.glutamine2&lang=eng); page https://suppverify.com/en/ingredients/glutamine/
- EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) (EPA): n=911; P5 24, median 180, P95 910 mg/day; DV —; reference upper 1,800 (https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2012.2815); page https://suppverify.com/en/ingredients/epa/
- Ginger (生姜): n=885; P5 1.8, median 32.5, P95 500 mg/day; DV —; reference upper 3,000 (https://webprod.hc-sc.gc.ca/nhpid-bdipsn/atReq?atid=ginger.gingembre2&lang=eng); page https://suppverify.com/en/ingredients/ginger/
- MSM (甲基磺酰甲烷): n=877; P5 50, median 500, P95 2,000 mg/day; DV —; reference upper 2,000 (https://webprod.hc-sc.gc.ca/nhpid-bdipsn/atReq?atid=msm2&lang=eng); page https://suppverify.com/en/ingredients/msm/
- Spirulina / chlorella (螺旋藻/小球藻): n=861; P5 20, median 500, P95 3,000 mg/day; DV —; reference upper 8,000 (https://webprod.hc-sc.gc.ca/nhpid-bdipsn/atReq?atid=spirulin2&lang=eng); page https://suppverify.com/en/ingredients/spirulina/
- L-Carnitine / ALCAR (左旋肉碱): n=855; P5 30, median 434, P95 1,500 mg/day; DV —; reference upper 2,000 (https://webprod.hc-sc.gc.ca/nhpid-bdipsn/atReq?atid=l.carnitine2&lang=eng); page https://suppverify.com/en/ingredients/carnitine/
- Prebiotics (inulin, FOS, GOS) (益生元): n=841; P5 20, median 210, P95 2,842 mg/day; DV —; no authoritative upper value; page https://suppverify.com/en/ingredients/prebiotic/
- N-Acetyl cysteine (NAC) (N-乙酰半胱氨酸): n=833; P5 41.7, median 300, P95 800 mg/day; DV —; reference upper 600 (https://webprod.hc-sc.gc.ca/nhpid-bdipsn/atReq?atid=n-acetyl-l-cysteine2&lang=eng); page https://suppverify.com/en/ingredients/nac/
- Black pepper / piperine (黑胡椒/胡椒碱): n=830; P5 1, median 5, P95 15 mg/day; DV —; reference upper 14 (https://webprod.hc-sc.gc.ca/nhpid-bdipsn/atReq?atid=blackpepper.poivrenoir&lang=eng); page https://suppverify.com/en/ingredients/piperine/
- Chondroitin (软骨素): n=809; P5 75, median 400, P95 1,200 mg/day; DV —; no authoritative upper value; page https://suppverify.com/en/ingredients/chondroitin/
- Astaxanthin (虾青素): n=795; P5 0.025, median 4, P95 134 mg/day; DV —; reference upper 8 (https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2020.5993); page https://suppverify.com/en/ingredients/astaxanthin/
- L-Theanine (L-茶氨酸): n=780; P5 25, median 150, P95 300 mg/day; DV —; reference upper 250 (https://webprod.hc-sc.gc.ca/nhpid-bdipsn/atReq?atid=l.theanine2&lang=eng); page https://suppverify.com/en/ingredients/theanine/
- L-Arginine (L-精氨酸): n=769; P5 25, median 625, P95 3,000 mg/day; DV —; reference upper 8,000 (https://webprod.hc-sc.gc.ca/nhpid-bdipsn/atReq?atid=arginine.l2&lang=eng); page https://suppverify.com/en/ingredients/arginine/
- Flaxseed oil / ALA (亚麻籽油/ALA): n=749; P5 50, median 480, P95 7,000 mg/day; DV —; reference upper 32,000 (https://webprod.hc-sc.gc.ca/nhpid-bdipsn/atReq?atid=flaxseed.lin.oil.huile2&lang=eng); page https://suppverify.com/en/ingredients/flax/
- Ginkgo biloba (银杏): n=743; P5 6, median 60, P95 400 mg/day; DV —; reference upper 240 (https://webprod.hc-sc.gc.ca/nhpid-bdipsn/atReq?atid=ginkgo.biloba2&lang=eng); page https://suppverify.com/en/ingredients/ginkgo/
- L-Citrulline (L-瓜氨酸): n=743; P5 150, median 3,000, P95 6,000 mg/day; DV —; no authoritative upper value; page https://suppverify.com/en/ingredients/citrulline/
- GLA (borage, evening primrose, black currant) (GLA（γ-亚麻酸）): n=701; P5 3.3, median 215, P95 1,000 mg/day; DV —; reference upper 6,000 (https://webprod.hc-sc.gc.ca/nhpid-bdipsn/atReq?atid=primrose.onagre2&lang=eng); page https://suppverify.com/en/ingredients/gla/
- Ashwagandha (南非醉茄): n=699; P5 25, median 234, P95 1,200 mg/day; DV —; reference upper 6,500 (https://webprod.hc-sc.gc.ca/nhpid-bdipsn/atReq?atid=ashwagandha2&lang=eng); page https://suppverify.com/en/ingredients/ashwagandha/
- Beta-alanine (β-丙氨酸): n=689; P5 500, median 2,000, P95 3,200 mg/day; DV —; no authoritative upper value; page https://suppverify.com/en/ingredients/beta_alanine/
- L-Tyrosine (L-酪氨酸): n=671; P5 20, median 375, P95 1,500 mg/day; DV —; reference upper 10,000 (https://webprod.hc-sc.gc.ca/nhpid-bdipsn/atReq?atid=l.tyrosine2&lang=eng); page https://suppverify.com/en/ingredients/tyrosine/
- Vanadium (钒): n=659; P5 5, median 33.3, P95 375 mcg/day; DV —; UL 1,800 (https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10026); page https://suppverify.com/en/ingredients/v/
- Lycopene (番茄红素): n=640; P5 0.25, median 2.5, P95 40 mg/day; DV —; no authoritative upper value; page https://suppverify.com/en/ingredients/lycopene/
- Hyaluronic acid (透明质酸): n=635; P5 3.3, median 59.1, P95 158 mg/day; DV —; no authoritative upper value; page https://suppverify.com/en/ingredients/hyaluronic/
- Elderberry (接骨木莓): n=630; P5 10, median 135, P95 3,200 mg/day; DV —; no authoritative upper value; page https://suppverify.com/en/ingredients/elderberry/
- Cranberry (蔓越莓): n=627; P5 10, median 250, P95 1,000 mg/day; DV —; no authoritative upper value; page https://suppverify.com/en/ingredients/cranberry/
- L-Lysine (L-赖氨酸): n=583; P5 12, median 500, P95 1,970 mg/day; DV —; reference upper 3,000 (https://webprod.hc-sc.gc.ca/nhpid-bdipsn/atReq?atid=lysine2&lang=eng); page https://suppverify.com/en/ingredients/lysine/
- Glycine (甘氨酸): n=577; P5 50, median 500, P95 3,000 mg/day; DV —; no authoritative upper value; page https://suppverify.com/en/ingredients/glycine/
- Licorice (甘草): n=574; P5 2.5, median 40, P95 500 mg/day; DV —; reference upper 15,000 (https://webprod.hc-sc.gc.ca/nhpid-bdipsn/atReq?atid=licorice.reglisse2&lang=eng); page https://suppverify.com/en/ingredients/licorice/
- Garlic (大蒜): n=562; P5 1, median 100, P95 1,000 mg/day; DV —; reference upper 12,000 (https://webprod.hc-sc.gc.ca/nhpid-bdipsn/atReq?atid=garlic_ail&lang=eng); page https://suppverify.com/en/ingredients/garlic/
- Echinacea (紫锥菊): n=561; P5 6.35, median 150, P95 970 mg/day; DV —; reference upper 6,000 (https://webprod.hc-sc.gc.ca/nhpid-bdipsn/atReq?atid=echinacea.purpurea2&lang=eng); page https://suppverify.com/en/ingredients/echinacea/
- Silicon/silica (硅): n=559; P5 0.01, median 5, P95 140 mg/day; DV —; no authoritative upper value; page https://suppverify.com/en/ingredients/si/
- Alpha-ketoglutarate (AKG) (α-酮戊二酸): n=549; P5 20, median 1,000, P95 4,009 mg/day; DV —; no authoritative upper value; page https://suppverify.com/en/ingredients/akg/
- Melatonin (褪黑素): n=535; P5 0.5, median 3, P95 10 mg/day; DV —; reference upper 10 (https://webprod.hc-sc.gc.ca/nhpid-bdipsn/atReq?atid=melatonin.oral2&lang=eng); page https://suppverify.com/en/ingredients/melatonin/
- Chloride (氯): n=525; P5 15, median 72, P95 355 mg/day; DV 2,300; UL 3,600 (https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10925); page https://suppverify.com/en/ingredients/cl/
- Lecithin / phospholipids (phosphatidylcholine) (卵磷脂/磷脂酰胆碱): n=521; P5 10, median 200, P95 1,200 mg/day; DV —; reference upper 6,000 (https://webprod.hc-sc.gc.ca/nhpid-bdipsn/atReq?atid=lecithin2&lang=eng); page https://suppverify.com/en/ingredients/lecithin/
- Glutathione (谷胱甘肽): n=506; P5 5, median 75, P95 357 mg/day; DV —; no authoritative upper value; page https://suppverify.com/en/ingredients/glutathione/
- Zeaxanthin (玉米黄质): n=503; P5 0.16, median 1, P95 20 mg/day; DV —; reference upper 53 (https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2012.2891); page https://suppverify.com/en/ingredients/zeaxanthin/
- Saw palmetto (锯棕榈): n=478; P5 25, median 200, P95 900 mg/day; DV —; reference upper 4,000 (https://webprod.hc-sc.gc.ca/nhpid-bdipsn/atReq?atid=saw.palmetto.sabal2&lang=eng); page https://suppverify.com/en/ingredients/saw_palmetto/
- Nootropics (huperzine, vinpocetine, agmatine...) (益智类成分): n=474; P5 0.05, median 50, P95 1,000 mg/day; DV —; no authoritative upper value; page https://suppverify.com/en/ingredients/nootropic/
- Dandelion (蒲公英): n=473; P5 4, median 51, P95 900 mg/day; DV —; reference upper 30,000 (https://webprod.hc-sc.gc.ca/nhpid-bdipsn/atReq?atid=dandelion.pissenlit2&lang=eng); page https://suppverify.com/en/ingredients/dandelion/
- Methionine (甲硫氨酸): n=462; P5 5, median 75, P95 500 mg/day; DV —; no authoritative upper value; page https://suppverify.com/en/ingredients/methionine/
- Rhodiola (红景天): n=458; P5 25, median 125, P95 838 mg/day; DV —; reference upper 2,000 (https://webprod.hc-sc.gc.ca/nhpid-bdipsn/atReq?atid=rhodiol2&lang=eng); page https://suppverify.com/en/ingredients/rhodiola/
- Valerian (缬草): n=446; P5 10.2, median 220, P95 1,590 mg/day; DV —; reference upper 3,600 (https://webprod.hc-sc.gc.ca/nhpid-bdipsn/atReq?atid=valerian2&lang=eng); page https://suppverify.com/en/ingredients/valerian/
- Bilberry (越橘): n=440; P5 1.6, median 30, P95 250 mg/day; DV —; no authoritative upper value; page https://suppverify.com/en/ingredients/bilberry/
- Shiitake / maitake / other (香菇/舞茸等): n=429; P5 18.3, median 150, P95 2,000 mg/day; DV —; no authoritative upper value; page https://suppverify.com/en/ingredients/shiitake/
- Organic acids (malic, citric...) (有机酸): n=393; P5 36, median 500, P95 7,780 mg/day; DV —; no authoritative upper value; page https://suppverify.com/en/ingredients/organic_acids/
- Boswellia (乳香): n=391; P5 25, median 100, P95 300 mg/day; DV —; reference upper 10,000 (https://webprod.hc-sc.gc.ca/nhpid-bdipsn/atReq?atid=frankincense.oral2&lang=eng); page https://suppverify.com/en/ingredients/boswellia/
- 5-HTP (5-羟色氨酸): n=380; P5 25, median 100, P95 200 mg/day; DV —; reference upper 300 (https://webprod.hc-sc.gc.ca/nhpid-bdipsn/atReq?atid=5htp&lang=eng); page https://suppverify.com/en/ingredients/htp5/
- Other probiotics (Bacillus, Saccharomyces, Streptococcus...) (其他益生菌): n=369; P5 76,000,000, median 1,435,000,000, P95 56,320,000,000 CFU/day; DV —; no authoritative upper value; page https://suppverify.com/en/ingredients/probiotic_other/
- Astragalus (黄芪): n=368; P5 3.5, median 90, P95 1,000 mg/day; DV —; reference upper 30,000 (https://webprod.hc-sc.gc.ca/nhpid-bdipsn/atReq?atid=astragalus.astragale2&lang=eng); page https://suppverify.com/en/ingredients/astragalus/
- Reishi (Ganoderma) (灵芝): n=361; P5 16.7, median 390, P95 1,600 mg/day; DV —; no authoritative upper value; page https://suppverify.com/en/ingredients/reishi/
- Betaine HCl (甜菜碱盐酸盐): n=360; P5 8, median 250, P95 1,250 mg/day; DV —; reference upper 3,500 (https://webprod.hc-sc.gc.ca/nhpid-bdipsn/atReq?atid=betaine2&lang=eng); page https://suppverify.com/en/ingredients/betaine_hcl/
- Peppermint (薄荷): n=359; P5 1.34, median 18, P95 1,020 mg/day; DV —; reference upper 12,000 (https://webprod.hc-sc.gc.ca/nhpid-bdipsn/atReq?atid=peppermint.menthepoivree&lang=eng); page https://suppverify.com/en/ingredients/peppermint/
- Whey protein (乳清蛋白): n=353; P5 0.08, median 13.3, P95 31.6 g/day; DV —; no authoritative upper value; page https://suppverify.com/en/ingredients/protein_whey/
- Trace minerals (mixed) (微量元素混合): n=322; P5 0.005, median 0.01, P95 365 mg/day; DV —; no authoritative upper value; page https://suppverify.com/en/ingredients/trace/
- Maca (玛卡): n=321; P5 62, median 500, P95 4,000 mg/day; DV —; reference upper 3,500 (https://webprod.hc-sc.gc.ca/nhpid-bdipsn/atReq?atid=maca.lepidium.meyenii2&lang=eng); page https://suppverify.com/en/ingredients/maca/
- Essential amino acids (必需氨基酸): n=320; P5 20, median 5,000, P95 37,000 mg/day; DV —; no authoritative upper value; page https://suppverify.com/en/ingredients/eaa/
- Plant sterols (植物甾醇): n=316; P5 3, median 105, P95 800 mg/day; DV —; reference upper 3,000 (https://webprod.hc-sc.gc.ca/nhpid-bdipsn/atReq?atid=free.plant.sterols.vegetaux&lang=eng); page https://suppverify.com/en/ingredients/plant_sterols/
- Bee propolis / royal jelly / pollen (蜂胶/蜂王浆): n=315; P5 3, median 112, P95 600 mg/day; DV —; reference upper 600 (https://webprod.hc-sc.gc.ca/nhpid-bdipsn/atReq?atid=propolis.oral.orale2&lang=eng); page https://suppverify.com/en/ingredients/propolis/
- Pterostilbene (紫檀芪): n=308; P5 0.5, median 25, P95 116 mg/day; DV —; no authoritative upper value; page https://suppverify.com/en/ingredients/pterostilbene/
- Cinnamon (肉桂): n=298; P5 2.29, median 112, P95 1,000 mg/day; DV —; reference upper 4,000 (https://webprod.hc-sc.gc.ca/nhpid-bdipsn/atReq?atid=cinnamomum.verum&lang=eng); page https://suppverify.com/en/ingredients/cinnamon/
- PABA (对氨基苯甲酸): n=296; P5 5, median 30, P95 400 mg/day; DV —; no authoritative upper value; page https://suppverify.com/en/ingredients/paba/
- Cayenne / capsaicin (辣椒): n=295; P5 2, median 16.7, P95 415 mg/day; DV —; reference upper 650 (https://webprod.hc-sc.gc.ca/nhpid-bdipsn/atReq?atid=cayenne.oral.orale2&lang=eng); page https://suppverify.com/en/ingredients/cayenne/
- Cordyceps (虫草): n=295; P5 25, median 600, P95 2,000 mg/day; DV —; no authoritative upper value; page https://suppverify.com/en/ingredients/cordyceps/
- Nettle (荨麻): n=279; P5 10, median 83, P95 630 mg/day; DV —; reference upper 24,000 (https://webprod.hc-sc.gc.ca/nhpid-bdipsn/atReq?atid=stinging.nettle2&lang=eng); page https://suppverify.com/en/ingredients/nettle/
- Other stimulants / energy compounds (其他提神成分): n=270; P5 5, median 100, P95 2,500 mg/day; DV —; no authoritative upper value; page https://suppverify.com/en/ingredients/energy_other/
- Krill oil (磷虾油): n=267; P5 300, median 1,000, P95 1,500 mg/day; DV —; reference upper 4,100 (https://webprod.hc-sc.gc.ca/nhpid-bdipsn/atReq?atid=krill.oil.huile&lang=eng); page https://suppverify.com/en/ingredients/krill_oil/
- Berberine (小檗碱): n=266; P5 100, median 500, P95 1,200 mg/day; DV —; no authoritative upper value; page https://suppverify.com/en/ingredients/berberine/
- Lion's mane (Hericium) (猴头菇): n=256; P5 50, median 700, P95 3,000 mg/day; DV —; no authoritative upper value; page https://suppverify.com/en/ingredients/lions_mane/
- Lemon balm (香蜂草): n=255; P5 3.61, median 53.3, P95 600 mg/day; DV —; reference upper 13,500 (https://webprod.hc-sc.gc.ca/nhpid-bdipsn/atReq?atid=lemon.balm&lang=eng); page https://suppverify.com/en/ingredients/lemon_balm/
- Aloe (芦荟): n=254; P5 2.5, median 75, P95 600 mg/day; DV —; no authoritative upper value; page https://suppverify.com/en/ingredients/aloe/
- Passionflower (西番莲): n=244; P5 4, median 50, P95 510 mg/day; DV —; reference upper 8,000 (https://webprod.hc-sc.gc.ca/nhpid-bdipsn/atReq?atid=passionflower.passiflore&lang=eng); page https://suppverify.com/en/ingredients/passionflower/
- Dong quai (当归): n=235; P5 5, median 53.3, P95 500 mg/day; DV —; reference upper 15,000 (https://webprod.hc-sc.gc.ca/nhpid-bdipsn/atReq?atid=angelica.sinensis2&lang=eng); page https://suppverify.com/en/ingredients/dong_quai/
- Chamomile (洋甘菊): n=231; P5 2.13, median 50, P95 1,000 mg/day; DV —; reference upper 24,000 (https://webprod.hc-sc.gc.ca/nhpid-bdipsn/atReq?atid=cham.germ.oral.orale2&lang=eng); page https://suppverify.com/en/ingredients/chamomile/
- Schisandra (五味子): n=228; P5 3, median 75, P95 250 mg/day; DV —; no authoritative upper value; page https://suppverify.com/en/ingredients/schisandra/
- Olive leaf (橄榄叶): n=215; P5 5, median 50, P95 510 mg/day; DV —; reference upper 3,500 (https://webprod.hc-sc.gc.ca/nhpid-bdipsn/atReq?atid=feuille.olea.europaea.leaf2&lang=eng); page https://suppverify.com/en/ingredients/olive_leaf/
- Hawthorn (山楂): n=211; P5 11.9, median 100, P95 750 mg/day; DV —; reference upper 6,000 (https://webprod.hc-sc.gc.ca/nhpid-bdipsn/atReq?atid=crataegus.monogyna&lang=eng); page https://suppverify.com/en/ingredients/hawthorn/
- NMN (烟酰胺单核苷酸): n=209; P5 50, median 250, P95 600 mg/day; DV —; reference upper 1,250 (https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-18272-y); page https://suppverify.com/en/ingredients/nmn/
- Black cohosh (黑升麻): n=209; P5 12, median 60, P95 540 mg/day; DV —; reference upper 2,400 (https://webprod.hc-sc.gc.ca/nhpid-bdipsn/atReq?atid=black.cohosh.actee.noire2&lang=eng); page https://suppverify.com/en/ingredients/black_cohosh/
- Electrolytes (blend) (电解质): n=206; P5 300, median 1,300, P95 5,265 mg/day; DV —; no authoritative upper value; page https://suppverify.com/en/ingredients/electrolytes/
- Plant protein (pea, soy, rice, hemp) (植物蛋白): n=205; P5 0.05, median 11.7, P95 27.5 g/day; DV —; no authoritative upper value; page https://suppverify.com/en/ingredients/protein_plant/
- Artichoke (洋蓟): n=201; P5 12.5, median 75, P95 500 mg/day; DV —; reference upper 10,000 (https://webprod.hc-sc.gc.ca/nhpid-bdipsn/atReq?atid=globe.artichoke.artichaut2&lang=eng); page https://suppverify.com/en/ingredients/artichoke/
- Fenugreek (葫芦巴): n=198; P5 10, median 150, P95 705 mg/day; DV —; reference upper 30,000 (https://webprod.hc-sc.gc.ca/nhpid-bdipsn/atReq?atid=fenugreek.oral2&lang=eng); page https://suppverify.com/en/ingredients/fenugreek/
- L-Tryptophan (L-色氨酸): n=187; P5 20, median 55, P95 531 mg/day; DV —; no authoritative upper value; page https://suppverify.com/en/ingredients/tryptophan/
- Holy basil (tulsi) (圣罗勒): n=185; P5 18, median 100, P95 500 mg/day; DV —; reference upper 28,000 (https://webprod.hc-sc.gc.ca/nhpid-bdipsn/atReq?atid=ocimum.tenuliflorum.leaf.feuille2&lang=eng); page https://suppverify.com/en/ingredients/holy_basil/
- GABA (γ-氨基丁酸): n=182; P5 25, median 100, P95 411 mg/day; DV —; no authoritative upper value; page https://suppverify.com/en/ingredients/gaba/
- Nicotinamide riboside (烟酰胺核糖): n=175; P5 2, median 125, P95 415 mg/day; DV —; reference upper 300 (https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2019.5775); page https://suppverify.com/en/ingredients/nr/
- NAD+ / NADH (NAD+/NADH): n=152; P5 0.5, median 5, P95 250 mg/day; DV —; no authoritative upper value; page https://suppverify.com/en/ingredients/nad/
- Phosphatidylserine (磷脂酰丝氨酸): n=149; P5 4, median 100, P95 300 mg/day; DV —; reference upper 300 (https://webprod.hc-sc.gc.ca/nhpid-bdipsn/atReq?atid=phosphatidylserine2&lang=eng); page https://suppverify.com/en/ingredients/phosphatidylserine/
- Colostrum (初乳): n=141; P5 35, median 500, P95 3,000 mg/day; DV —; reference upper 10,000 (https://webprod.hc-sc.gc.ca/nhpid-bdipsn/atReq?atid=bovine.colostrum.bovin2&lang=eng); page https://suppverify.com/en/ingredients/colostrum/
- St. John's wort (圣约翰草): n=139; P5 20, median 300, P95 880 mg/day; DV —; reference upper 4,200 (https://webprod.hc-sc.gc.ca/nhpid-bdipsn/atReq?atid=stjohnswort.millepertuis.oral2&lang=eng); page https://suppverify.com/en/ingredients/st_johns/
- Moringa (辣木): n=137; P5 20, median 200, P95 1,000 mg/day; DV —; no authoritative upper value; page https://suppverify.com/en/ingredients/moringa/
- Bacopa (假马齿苋): n=129; P5 12.5, median 100, P95 500 mg/day; DV —; no authoritative upper value; page https://suppverify.com/en/ingredients/bacopa/
- Pine bark (Pycnogenol) (松树皮提取物): n=123; P5 10, median 50, P95 200 mg/day; DV —; no authoritative upper value; page https://suppverify.com/en/ingredients/pine_bark/
- Algal oil (藻油): n=122; P5 37.5, median 625, P95 1,000 mg/day; DV —; no authoritative upper value; page https://suppverify.com/en/ingredients/algal_oil/
- PQQ (吡咯喹啉醌): n=118; P5 5, median 11.8, P95 23.1 mg/day; DV —; reference upper 20 (https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2017.5058); page https://suppverify.com/en/ingredients/pqq/
- L-Ornithine (L-鸟氨酸): n=108; P5 10, median 375, P95 2,200 mg/day; DV —; no authoritative upper value; page https://suppverify.com/en/ingredients/ornithine/
- Luteolin (木犀草素): n=107; P5 8, median 8, P95 57 mg/day; DV —; no authoritative upper value; page https://suppverify.com/en/ingredients/luteolin/
- Tribulus (蒺藜): n=100; P5 1.61, median 234, P95 1,000 mg/day; DV —; reference upper 30,000 (https://webprod.hc-sc.gc.ca/nhpid-bdipsn/atReq?atid=tribulus.terrestris&lang=eng); page https://suppverify.com/en/ingredients/tribulus/
- DIM / I3C (DIM/吲哚): n=96; P5 8, median 100, P95 250 mg/day; DV —; reference upper 200 (https://webprod.hc-sc.gc.ca/nhpid-bdipsn/atReq?atid=diindolylmethane&lang=eng); page https://suppverify.com/en/ingredients/dim/
- Bitter melon (苦瓜): n=95; P5 2.5, median 100, P95 500 mg/day; DV —; no authoritative upper value; page https://suppverify.com/en/ingredients/bitter_melon/
- Black seed (Nigella) (黑种草): n=95; P5 3, median 700, P95 5,000 mg/day; DV —; reference upper 5,000 (https://webprod.hc-sc.gc.ca/nhpid-bdipsn/atReq?atid=nigella.sativa&lang=eng); page https://suppverify.com/en/ingredients/black_seed/
- Gymnema (武靴叶): n=87; P5 7.5, median 200, P95 400 mg/day; DV —; no authoritative upper value; page https://suppverify.com/en/ingredients/gymnema/
- Fisetin (漆黄素): n=75; P5 10, median 56, P95 500 mg/day; DV —; no authoritative upper value; page https://suppverify.com/en/ingredients/fisetin/
- Chaga (白桦茸): n=71; P5 37.5, median 250, P95 2,000 mg/day; DV —; no authoritative upper value; page https://suppverify.com/en/ingredients/chaga/
- Casein / milk protein (酪蛋白/乳蛋白): n=68; P5 0.005, median 0.15, P95 7.75 g/day; DV —; no authoritative upper value; page https://suppverify.com/en/ingredients/protein_casein/
- Horny goat weed (Epimedium) (淫羊藿): n=64; P5 4.17, median 150, P95 625 mg/day; DV —; no authoritative upper value; page https://suppverify.com/en/ingredients/horny_goat/
- Turkey tail (云芝): n=64; P5 10, median 330, P95 1,320 mg/day; DV —; no authoritative upper value; page https://suppverify.com/en/ingredients/turkey_tail/
- Oregano (牛至): n=63; P5 2, median 50, P95 500 mg/day; DV —; no authoritative upper value; page https://suppverify.com/en/ingredients/oregano/
- Red yeast rice (红曲米): n=52; P5 20, median 600, P95 1,800 mg/day; DV —; no authoritative upper value; page https://suppverify.com/en/ingredients/red_yeast_rice/
- Tongkat ali (东革阿里): n=49; P5 25, median 100, P95 1,020 mg/day; DV —; reference upper 400 (https://webprod.hc-sc.gc.ca/nhpid-bdipsn/atReq?atid=tongkat.ali&lang=eng); page https://suppverify.com/en/ingredients/tongkat/
- Medium-chain fatty acids (decanoic/octanoic) (中链脂肪酸): n=43; P5 0.025, median 0.35, P95 9.2 g/day; DV —; no authoritative upper value; page https://suppverify.com/en/ingredients/decanoic_mct/
- L-Carnosine (L-肌肽): n=38; P5 10, median 58, P95 6,500 mg/day; DV —; no authoritative upper value; page https://suppverify.com/en/ingredients/carnosine/
- DHEA / pregnenolone (DHEA/孕烯醇酮): n=36; P5 0.1, median 25, P95 100 mg/day; DV —; no authoritative upper value; page https://suppverify.com/en/ingredients/dhea/
- Keratin (角蛋白): n=36; P5 10, median 70, P95 500 mg/day; DV —; no authoritative upper value; page https://suppverify.com/en/ingredients/keratin/
- Sugar alcohols (xylitol, maltitol, erythritol) (糖醇（木糖醇等）): n=29; P5 0.14, median 2, P95 3.5 g/day; DV —; no authoritative upper value; page https://suppverify.com/en/ingredients/polyols/
- SAMe (S-腺苷甲硫氨酸): n=28; P5 20, median 200, P95 820 mg/day; DV —; no authoritative upper value; page https://suppverify.com/en/ingredients/same/
- Calcium D-glucarate (D-葡萄糖二酸钙): n=27; P5 100, median 500, P95 500 mg/day; DV —; no authoritative upper value; page https://suppverify.com/en/ingredients/glucarate/
- HMB (β-羟基-β-甲基丁酸): n=26; P5 100, median 500, P95 3,000 mg/day; DV —; no authoritative upper value; page https://suppverify.com/en/ingredients/hmb/
- Saffron (藏红花): n=24; P5 1, median 30, P95 177 mg/day; DV —; no authoritative upper value; page https://suppverify.com/en/ingredients/saffron/
- Chitosan (壳聚糖): n=24; P5 17.5, median 307, P95 800 mg/day; DV —; reference upper 3,000 (https://webprod.hc-sc.gc.ca/nhpid-bdipsn/atReq?atid=chitosan2&lang=eng); page https://suppverify.com/en/ingredients/chitosan/

## Study: products above the adult UL
Page: https://suppverify.com/en/studies/above-ul/  Data: https://suppverify.com/data/above-ul.csv

- Vitamin B3 (niacin): 1,115 of 3,734 products (29.9%) list more than the UL of 35 mg/day (https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Niacin-HealthProfessional/)
- Vitamin A: 376 of 2,803 products (13.4%) list more than the UL of 3,000 mcg/day (https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminA-HealthProfessional/)
- Magnesium: 412 of 4,119 products (10.0%) list more than the UL of 350 mg/day (https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Magnesium-HealthProfessional/)
- Vitamin B9 (folate): 320 of 3,666 products (8.7%) list more than the UL of 1,000 mcg/day (https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Folate-HealthProfessional/)
- Manganese: 112 of 2,088 products (5.4%) list more than the UL of 11 mg/day (https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Manganese-HealthProfessional/)
- Zinc: 213 of 4,201 products (5.1%) list more than the UL of 40 mg/day (https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Zinc-HealthProfessional/)
- Vitamin D: 185 of 3,900 products (4.7%) list more than the UL of 100 mcg/day (https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminD-HealthProfessional/)
- Iodine: 87 of 1,966 products (4.4%) list more than the UL of 1,100 mcg/day (https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Iodine-HealthProfessional/)
- Vitamin B6: 168 of 4,888 products (3.4%) list more than the UL of 100 mg/day (https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminB6-HealthProfessional/)
- Selenium: 72 of 2,140 products (3.4%) list more than the UL of 400 mcg/day (https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Selenium-HealthProfessional/)
- Iron: 66 of 2,143 products (3.1%) list more than the UL of 45 mg/day (https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Iron-HealthProfessional/)
- Vitamin C: 122 of 6,572 products (1.9%) list more than the UL of 2,000 mg/day (https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminC-HealthProfessional/)
- Boron: 15 of 860 products (1.7%) list more than the UL of 20 mg/day (https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Boron-HealthProfessional/)
- Molybdenum: 19 of 1,194 products (1.6%) list more than the UL of 2,000 mcg/day (https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Molybdenum-HealthProfessional/)
- Vanadium: 6 of 419 products (1.4%) list more than the UL of 1,800 mcg/day (https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10026)
- Calcium: 45 of 5,053 products (0.9%) list more than the UL of 2,500 mg/day (https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Calcium-HealthProfessional/)
- Sodium: 25 of 3,159 products (0.8%) list more than the UL of 2,300 mg/day (https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25353)
- Copper: 5 of 1,933 products (0.3%) list more than the UL of 10 mg/day (https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Copper-HealthProfessional/)
- Choline: 2 of 1,338 products (0.1%) list more than the UL of 3,500 mg/day (https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Choline-HealthProfessional/)
- Vitamin E: 2 of 3,930 products (0.1%) list more than the UL of 1,000 mg/day (https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminE-HealthProfessional/)
- Phosphorus: 0 of 801 products (0.0%) list more than the UL of 4,000 mg/day (https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Phosphorus-HealthProfessional/)
- Chloride: 0 of 314 products (0.0%) list more than the UL of 3,600 mg/day (https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10925)

## Rankings
https://suppverify.com/en/best/ — scoring: dose fit 40, label transparency 20, data verification 15, company transparency 15, third-party COA 10 (no COA data yet; scores rescaled from 90). Not efficacy claims.